Hosea 13:1-16 Review “While introducing some new themes, (this section, 13:1-16) also repeats earlier themes, and appears to summarize Ephraim’s failure and the devastating effect of divine judgment….This summary then prepares the way for the call to repent and the further message of hope in chapter 14. As an overview of the sin of the northern kingdom, it is probably set close to the fall of Samaria. However, sin is continuing and judgment is still future, suggesting that the kingdom has not fallen yet. The passage is framed by references to Ephraim’s guilt (asham) and its consequences (vv. 1, 16), indicating that this is a major emphasis.” (Routledge, p. 167) Israel’s guilt has definitively changed their relationship with the LORD. (13:1-8) Ephraim with the LORD (vv. 1-3) The LORD with Israel (vv. 4-8) Israel’s guilt has irreversibly established their imminent destruction. (13:9-16) The LORD summons their rulers (vv. 10-13) The LORD summons their death (vv. 14-16) Implications/Applications Guilt and God… Guilt and destruction… Guilt and arrogance…